Objective<\/p>\n
This study aims the evaluation of the ways in which the “high risk” children from parents with endogen depression perceive their parents, the way in which parents with endogen depression evaluate their children, in comparison with those in the families with a schizophrenical parent Material and methods<\/p>\n
Three standardized instruments were applied on the studied “high risk” group of 23 children from parents with depression and on the control group of 52 children from parents with schizophrenia: children behavioral checklist (CBCL), the family identi\u00adfication probe (PIF), the fifth (Vth<\/sup>)axeResults<\/p>\n Through the CBCL application we obtained the fact all the children registered high scores at the items for depression, hyper\u00adactivity and aggressivity.<\/p>\n Through the PIF application, utilizing the spearman’s correlation ranks (r) and the multi-variant analysis anova\/ manova, we ob\u00adtained a quantification of the child’s identification with his parents. So that, the effect of the “disorder” factor in all the variables, is higher in the “depressive families” than that in the “schizophrenic families”. Through the Vth<\/sup>\u00a0axe application, the psychosocial pression to which a child is exposed in a family with a major depressive member is much higher than in the families with a schizophrenic parent. Conclusions<\/p>\n The perception of the child by the disordered parent is more distorsioned in the families with a depressive parent. The abnormal psychosocial conditions are more numerous in the families with an endogen depressive parent.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n Tne risk of developing depressive disorders has been estimated for the children of parents with en\u00addogenous depression at a value of 15-45%.<\/p>\n Tne children of parents with endogenous depres\u00adsion present high risk nut only in developing depres\u00adsion but also anxiety disorders and disruptive disor\u00adders. There are needed some environmental stressors in order to develop those disorders. Tne presentation of psychopathology at offspring has its roots in the individual genetic – biochemical structures but also in the interaction phenomena with the environment.<\/p>\n It is naturally for us to ask ourselves the following questions:<\/p>\n Tne clinical reality proved the fact that some chil\u00addren present a “resilience mechanism” and can through this mechanism rescue themselves from the psycho-pathological influences of the parents, through the projection on real or imaginary coordinations, which are different from those of his disorder parent.<\/p>\n We tried to identify some parental attributes, especially concerning the communication deviance and the affective styles. Tne communication deviance mirrors the parental inability in stabilizing and keep\u00ading a relation with the child. In most cases we found negative, critical, intrusive, guilt-inducting attitudes. Early installation and the recurrence of depression at parents are major risk factors for the children to de\u00advelop depression.<\/p>\n Tne pathological communication pattern will be determinant for the deviant development of the com\u00admunication style, but also for the capacity of the child of understanding the surrounding reality.<\/p>\n Tne analysis of the context has shown the fact that the effects on the children are deeper, when those are involved in the symptoms of the disordered parent.<\/p>\n Tne study proposes itself the evaluation of extrinsic predictive risk factors(variables of the environment) and of the interactive factors(interrelation between child-parents, family, communication deviances).<\/p>\n OBJECTIVES<\/strong><\/p>\n Through our study we provide a research on a “high risk” children group, from families with a par\u00adent suffering with endogenous depression.<\/p>\n We followed a retrospective study but also a pro\u00adspective research on the “high risk” children group. We aimed the evaluation of the predictive factors for the children to develop psychopathology. We tried to study the similarities or differences between the two “high risk” children groups, those from families with a depressive, respectively a schizophrenically parent.<\/p>\n MATERIAL AND METHODS<\/strong><\/p>\n Tne study was performed between 2000-2006 in the Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology for Children and Adolescents Timisoara.<\/p>\n We applied the research instruments (CBCL-Chil-dren Behavioral Checklist, PIF- Family Identification Probe, the Vth Axe DSMIV) on a group of 23 children.<\/p>\n Those three standardized instruments were ap\u00adplied on the 52 children control group, composed by children from families with one parent suffering from schizophrenia, as well.<\/p>\n The 1st step of the study included the search in the Clinic of Psychiatry “Eduard Pamfil”Timisoara in or\u00adder to identify the families, in which exists a member suffering from major endogenous depression.<\/p>\n The 2nd step of the study was composed of the identification of children and adolescents, which needed ambulatory consultations or were inpatients of the Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology of Chil\u00addren and Adolescents Timi\u015foara in the period begin\u00adning with the year 2000.<\/p>\n For the selection of the cases we took as inclusion criteria the accessibility of children and families in order to apply our instruments and also the presence of one parent suffering from endogenous depression.<\/p>\n Our control group is composed of 52 “high risk” chil\u00addren of families with one parent with schizophrenia.<\/p>\n Our practical study consists in: the research of the way through which the depressive and the schizo\u00adphrenic parents do perceive their children, the modality of identification or non-identification of the children with the psychopathological parental models, the eva\u00adluation of the sp\u00e9cifie psycho-social conditions of each family from the studied group and the control group.<\/p>\n We applied the three standardized instruments:<\/p>\n This instrument doesn’t have a diagnostic func\u00adtion, but it evaluates the modality through which the parents do perceive their child.<\/p>\n This probe implies the identification process of the child with his parents. The identification concept is referring as well, to individual aspects – the self image of the child and to interactional aspects. We used 12 cards on which are written different adjectives, through which the child is characterizing first his pa\u00adrents and then himself.The 12 adjectives respect a hie\u00adrarchy, the most proper one being head of the column, at the end being the most inadequate adjective.<\/p>\n The order of completing for the child is: real my\u00adself\/ ideal myself\/ the real portrait of the mother\/ the ideal portrait of the mother\/real portrait of the father\/ ideal portrait of the father.<\/p>\n 0 – there don’t exist significant d\u00e9viances of the<\/p>\n psycho-social conditions.<\/p>\n 1\u00a0 – abnormal intra-familial relations<\/p>\n 2\u00a0 – psychical disorder, abnormal behavior or han-<\/p>\n dicap in the family<\/p>\n 3 – inadequate or distorted intra-familial commu-<\/p>\n nication<\/p>\n 4\u00a0 – abnormal educational conditions<\/p>\n 5\u00a0 – abnormal ambiance, environment<\/p>\n 6\u00a0 – acute, traumatizing life events<\/p>\n 7\u00a0 – social traumatizing factors<\/p>\n 8\u00a0 – chronical traumatizing factors, of inter-human<\/p>\n type, concerning school or work<\/p>\n 9 – traumatizing events or situations in relation<\/p>\n with the behavioral disturbances or with the handicap of the child<\/p>\n RESULTS<\/strong><\/p>\n Through the CBCL application on depressive parents, respectively schizophrenic parents of children from our group and the control group, our study led to the following observations concerning the sex of the child:<\/p>\n The scores obtained with CBCL from girls and boys, appreciated by the depressive respectively by the schizophrenic parent are presented in the table 1.<\/p>\n In the families with an endogenous depressive pa\u00adrent, from the 23 parents with endogenous depression, just one parent caught with accuracy the problematic of the child in conformity with the clinical diagnostic (Table 2, Table 3).<\/p>\n The results obtained through PIF on the target group and on the control group<\/p>\n Through this probe are researched the familial re\u00adlations, the way they are perceived by the child.<\/p>\n As a measure of the similitude of the children’s characterizations, we utilized correlation rang bet\u00adween the different items (Table 4).<\/p>\n There can be calculated 6 correlation coefficients as it follows:<\/p>\n The Spearman correlation rang (r) that were obtained, represent a measure of the way the patient perceives himself similar or different from one of the parents, with which of them he does identify himself and finally how pleased the child with himself is and his self-critical tendencies. Table 8.<\/p>\n DISCUSSIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n Those results confirm us that:<\/p>\n Results obtained through the Vth Axe Interview application on the target and control group:<\/p>\n DISCUSSIONS (THE Vth<\/sup>\u00a0AXE)<\/strong><\/p>\n Tne number and the gravity of the abnormal psy\u00adchosocial conditions are significantly higher in the cas\u00ades of children from families with a depressive parent.<\/p>\n Tne research of the familial environment showed some specifically modifications through the appea\u00adrance of the depressive symptoms. We must highlight a supplementary pressing if the mother is disturbed, with a weak affective, verbal and educational stimulation.<\/p>\n Another variable is the relation between the sex of the parent-patient and the disorder of the child. Tne boys presented more frequently symptoms if the fathers have been the patients and the girls if the mothers.<\/p>\n We noticed this fact through the PIF application, too. This shows an association between the same sex.<\/p>\n In the families with a schizophrenically parent we can notice the poor social status, the stigmatization of the child and of the family and in some situations the institutionalization.<\/p>\n CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n Through the application of the three standar\u00addized instruments of evaluation of the children from the studied group (children with depressive parents) and the control group (children with schizophrenic parents) we noticed that:<\/p>\n BIBLIOGRAFIE<\/strong><\/p>\n
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